sql server - Current transaction ID in an audit trigger

Question

I was looking at storing some form of transaction id from an audit trigger. The solution appeared to be to use sys.dm_tran_current_transaction as in this post SQL Server Triggers - grouping by transactions.

However, I cannot use this because the user account running sql statements will not have the "VIEW SERVER STATE" permission and results in the error:

Msg 297, Level 16, State 1, Line 3
The user does not have permission to perform this action.

Does anyone know of an alternative to this view that will provide a similar transaction id or a way to use "WITH EXECUTE AS" on the trigger to allow selecting from this view.

From my attempts at "WITH EXECUTE AS" it appears that server level permissions are not carried over, which is expected really since it is impersonating a database user.

Answer 1

You can resolve almost any security problem using code signing. Most granular and finely tuned access control, is just a bit on the hard side to understand.

Use EXECUTE AS OWNER on the trigger, create a certificate, sign the trigger, drop the private key (so that noone else can use it to ever sign anything again), export the certificate (public key only), import the certificate in master, create a login derived from the certificate, grant authenticate to this login (in order to extend the database execute as impersonation), then grant view server state to this login. This is bullet proof, perfectly controled priviledge control. If the trigger need to be changed, the signing process (including the cert derived login and grants) have to be done again. From a security point of view, this is desired (you are signing a specific variant of the trigger), from operational point of view is rather a pita, but is manageable.

create table t (i int);
create table audit (transaction_id int);
go

create trigger t_audit_trigger
on t
with execute as owner
after insert, update, delete
as
begin
    set nocount on;
    insert into audit (transaction_id) 
    select transaction_id from sys.dm_tran_current_transaction;
    if (@@ROWCOUNT != 1)
        raiserror(N'Failed to audit transaction', 16, 1);
end
go

create certificate t_audit_view_server
    encryption by password = 'Password#123'
    with subject = N't_audit_view_server'
    , start_date = '08/10/2009';
go

add signature to t_audit_trigger
    by certificate t_audit_view_server
    with password = 'Password#123';
go

alter certificate t_audit_view_server
    remove private key;

backup certificate t_audit_view_server
    to file = 'c:emp_audit_view_server.cer';
go

use master;
go

create certificate t_audit_view_server
    from file = 'c:emp_audit_view_server.cer';
go  

create login t_audit_view_server_login
    from certificate t_audit_view_server;
go

grant authenticate server to t_audit_view_server_login;
grant view server state to t_audit_view_server_login;
go