path - Where does Java's ProcessBuilder look to execute commands?

Question

When I execute a command using ProcessBuilder, how does it know where to look for that command? Using this hack/trick I've modified my PATH variable (verified by inspecting processBuilder.environment()) to be bad (empty, working dir, etc) but ProcessBuilder can still execute sort, echo, bash, etc. just fine. How is it doing this?!

Note: My particular development environment is OSX but this code will also run on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Answer 1

The documentation says

[...] a command, a list of strings which signifies the external program file to be invoked and its arguments, if any. Which string lists represent a valid operating system command is system-dependent. [...]

Which in essence mean that where it looks for programs to execute depends on the particular system and JVM you're running on.

I can't find a complete matrix of JVM / System behaviors, but supposedly it behaves similar to the popular shells of the system (bash for *nix and cmd for windows) i.e. it searches the directories in the PATH environment variable from left to right and executes the first executable file it finds.