Trying to do this in pure CSS is quite hard, so I don't think than this is the correct technique to do it.
Anyway, just as a technical exercise, let's try it. (Tested only in Chrome !)
First of all the basis. We are going to divide the circle in 4 quadrants, and for each one we will need a different style. Here we have the styles, showing in color (green, red, blue, yellow) the useful range of the progress value element. The gray area is the rest of the element, unused.
.test {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: 20px 10px 0px 20px;
border-radius: 50%;
background-image: radial-gradient(lightblue 62%, blue 40%);
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
}
.test div {
height: 30%;
transform-origin: left top;
position: absolute;
opacity: 0.5;
ackground-color: green;
}
.inner1 {
width: 25%;
left: 50%;
top: -20%;
background-color: green;
transform: rotate(45deg) scaleX(3.9598);
}
.inner2 {
width: 50%;
left: 190%;
top: -20%;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right,gray 50%, red 50%);
transform: rotate(135deg) scaleX(3.9598);
}
.inner3 {
width: 75%;
left: 190%;
top: 260%;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right,gray 66%, blue 66%);
transform: rotate(225deg) scaleX(3.9598);
}
.inner4 {
width: 100%;
left: -230%;
top: 260%;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right,gray 75%, yellow 66%);
transform: rotate(315deg) scaleX(3.9598);
}
<div class="test">
<div class="inner1"></div>
</div>
<div class="test">
<div class="inner2"></div>
</div>
<div class="test">
<div class="inner3"></div>
</div>
<div class="test">
<div class="inner4"></div>
</div>
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