function - MsgBox "" vs MsgBox() in VBScript

Question

I'm trying to write a VBScript and I'm using functions such as Randomize, and MsgBox. I'm curious as to what is the difference of using () and not using them. For example:

Randomize - This line works.

Randomize() - This line works also.

MsgBox "Hello world!" - This works.

MsgBox ("Hello world!") - This works as well.

The script will be running on multiple machines with different versions of Windows (at least Windows XP). I'm wondering if I would be getting any compatibility/syntax issues in using these functions.

Answer 1

A callable piece of code (routine) can be a Sub (called for a side effect/what it does) or a Function (called for its return value) or a mixture of both. As the docs for MsgBox

Displays a message in a dialog box, waits for the user to click a button, and returns a value indicating which button the user clicked.

MsgBox(prompt[, buttons][, title][, helpfile, context])

indicate, this routine is of the third kind.

The syntactical rules of VBScript are simple:

Use parameter list () when calling a (routine as a) Function

If you want to display a message to the user and need to know the user's reponse:

Dim MyVar
MyVar = MsgBox ("Hello World!", 65, "MsgBox Example")
   ' MyVar contains either 1 or 2, depending on which button is clicked.

Don't use parameter list () when calling a (routine as a) Sub

If you want to display a message to the user and are not interested in the response:

MsgBox "Hello World!", 65, "MsgBox Example"

This beautiful simplicity is messed up by:

The design flaw of using () for parameter lists and to force call-by-value semantics

>> Sub S(n) : n = n + 1 : End Sub
>> n = 1
>> S n
>> WScript.Echo n
>> S (n)
>> WScript.Echo n
>>
2
2

S (n) does not mean "call S with n", but "call S with a copy of n's value". Programmers seeing that

>> s = "value"
>> MsgBox(s)

'works' are in for a suprise when they try:

>> MsgBox(s, 65, "MsgBox Example")
>>
Error Number:       1044
Error Description:  Cannot use parentheses when calling a Sub

The compiler's leniency with regard to empty () in a Sub call. The 'pure' Sub Randomize (called for the side effect of setting the random seed) can be called by

Randomize()

although the () can neither mean "give me your return value) nor "pass something by value". A bit more strictness here would force prgrammers to be aware of the difference in

Randomize n

and

Randomize (n)

The Call statement that allows parameter list () in Sub calls:

s = "value" Call MsgBox(s, 65, "MsgBox Example")

which further encourage programmers to use () without thinking.

(Based on What do you mean "cannot use parentheses?")