I can't think of a way to do it without actually fetching the updates (maybe someone else will). Assuming you are on the default branch "master" and the upstream from which these hypothetical updates will come is the default remote "origin", try....
git fetch
git log --name-only ..origin/master
Note the double dots .. not a single dot or an elipsis1.
This will give you a list of log entries for changes that are only upstream, with the filenames affected, you can alter the parameters to git log to get more or less information.
NB in git "fetching" these updates isn't the same as applying them to your local branch. You no doubt already know how to do that with git pull.
1 As for where do the double dots come from, name1..name2
indicates a range. If name1
is omitted, HEAD
is used in its place. This syntax refers to all commits reachable from name2
back to, but not including, HEAD
. ["Git from the bottom up"]
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