Edit 4: From the Xcode 10.2 beta release notes:
Resolved an issue that affected app compatibility with iOS 9.0, 9.1, and 9.2 when distributing an app for local or enterprise distribution. App asset catalogs built using Xcode 10 with a deployment target of iOS 9.0, 9.1 or 9.2 produced content incompatible with the runtimes of those iOS versions when distributed using local or enterprise distribution. Rebuilding the app with Xcode 10.2 resolves this issue. (46893768, 44535967)
Edit 3: From the revised Xcode 10.1 release notes:
Asset Catalog
Known Issues
Apps that contain asset catalogs built using Xcode 10 or later with a deployment target set to iOS 9.0, 9.1 or 9.2 produce content incompatible with the runtimes of those iOS versions. (44535967, 45723580, 45723189)
The issue remains. ???♂?
Edit 2: Apparently, the issue is still not completely fixed.
Edit: Xcode 10.1 is out now.
This has been fixed in Xcode 10.1 beta 2:
Resolves an issue that affected app compatibility with iOS 9.0, 9.1 and 9.2. Apps containing asset catalogs built with Xcode 10 whose deployment target was set to iOS 9.0, 9.1 or 9.2 would produce content incompatible with the runtimes of those iOS versions. Rebuilding the application with Xcode 10.1 resolves this issue. (44535967)
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode_release_notes/xcode_10_1_beta_2_release_notes?language=objc
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