There is a module to see the system config
import sysconfig
print(sysconfig.get_config_vars())
It offers an interface to get individual variables as well.
sysconfig.get_config_var('HAVE_LIBREADLINE')
It is also accessible via shell:
python3 -m sysconfig | less
Edit:
before python2.7, you have to use
import distutils.sysconfig
print distutils.sysconfig.get_config_vars()
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