Does the order of headers in an HTTP response ever matter?

Question

Is it ever meaningful whether the order of headers is

A: 1
B: 2

vs

B:2
A:1

I'm trying to figure out if I can use a dictionary to store a list of headers or if it needs to be some kind of list or ordered dictionary.

Answer 1

No, it does not matter for headers with different names. See RFC 2616, section 4.2:

The order in which header fields with differing field names are received is not significant. However, it is "good practice" to send general-header fields first, followed by request-header or response- header fields, and ending with the entity-header fields.

It DOES matter, however, for multiple headers with the same name:

Multiple message-header fields with the same field-name MAY be present in a message if and only if the entire field-value for that header field is defined as a comma-separated list [i.e., #(values)]. It MUST be possible to combine the multiple header fields into one "field-name: field-value" pair, without changing the semantics of the message, by appending each subsequent field-value to the first, each separated by a comma. The order in which header fields with the same field-name are received is therefore significant to the interpretation of the combined field value, and thus a proxy MUST NOT change the order of these field values when a message is forwarded.