r - How do you delete a column by name in data.table?

Question

To get rid of a column named "foo" in a data.frame, I can do:

df <- df[-grep('foo', colnames(df))]

However, once df is converted to a data.table object, there is no way to just remove a column.

Example:

df <- data.frame(id = 1:100, foo = rnorm(100))
df2 <- df[-grep('foo', colnames(df))] # works
df3 <- data.table(df)
df3[-grep('foo', colnames(df3))] 

But once it is converted to a data.table object, this no longer works.

Answer 1

Any of the following will remove column foo from the data.table df3:

# Method 1 (and preferred as it takes 0.00s even on a 20GB data.table)
df3[,foo:=NULL]

df3[, c("foo","bar"):=NULL]  # remove two columns

myVar = "foo"
df3[, (myVar):=NULL]   # lookup myVar contents

# Method 2a -- A safe idiom for excluding (possibly multiple)
# columns matching a regex
df3[, grep("^foo$", colnames(df3)):=NULL]

# Method 2b -- An alternative to 2a, also "safe" in the sense described below
df3[, which(grepl("^foo$", colnames(df3))):=NULL]

data.table also supports the following syntax:

## Method 3 (could then assign to df3, 
df3[, !"foo"]  

though if you were actually wanting to remove column "foo" from df3 (as opposed to just printing a view of df3 minus column "foo") you'd really want to use Method 1 instead.

(Do note that if you use a method relying on grep() or grepl(), you need to set pattern="^foo$" rather than "foo", if you don't want columns with names like "fool" and "buffoon" (i.e. those containing foo as a substring) to also be matched and removed.)

Less safe options, fine for interactive use:

The next two idioms will also work -- if df3 contains a column matching "foo" -- but will fail in a probably-unexpected way if it does not. If, for instance, you use any of them to search for the non-existent column "bar", you'll end up with a zero-row data.table.

As a consequence, they are really best suited for interactive use where one might, e.g., want to display a data.table minus any columns with names containing the substring "foo". For programming purposes (or if you are wanting to actually remove the column(s) from df3 rather than from a copy of it), Methods 1, 2a, and 2b are really the best options.

# Method 4:
df3[, .SD, .SDcols = !patterns("^foo$")]

---

Lastly there are approaches using with=FALSE, though data.table is gradually moving away from using this argument so it's now discouraged where you can avoid it; showing here so you know the option exists in case you really do need it:

# Method 5a (like Method 3)
df3[, !"foo", with=FALSE] 
# Method 5b (like Method 4)
df3[, !grep("^foo$", names(df3)), with=FALSE]
# Method 5b (another like Method 4)
df3[, !grepl("^foo$", names(df3)), with=FALSE]