http - Valid characters for directory part of a URL (for short links)

Question

Are there any other characters except A-Za-z0-9 that can be used to shorten links without getting into trouble? :)

I was thinking about +,;- or something.

Is there a defined standard regarding what characters can be used in a URL that browser vendors respect?

Answer 1

A path segment (the parts in a path separated by /) in an absolute URI path can contain zero or more of pchar that is defined as follows:

  pchar       = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
  pct-encoded = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
  unreserved  = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
  sub-delims  = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
              / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="

So it’s basically A–Z, a–z, 0–9, -, ., _, ~, !, $, &, ', (, ), *, +, ,, ;, =, :, @, as well as % that must be followed by two hexadecimal digits. Any other character/byte needs to be encoded using the percent-encoding.

Although these are 79 characters in total that can be used in a path segment literally, some user agents do encode some of these characters as well (e.g. %7E instead of ~). That’s why many use just the 62 alphanumeric characters (i.e. A–Z, a–z, 0–9) or the Base 64 Encoding with URL and Filename Safe Alphabet (i.e. A–Z, a–z, 0–9, -, _).