c++ - Matrix calculations for gpu skinning

Question

I'm trying to do skeletal animation in OpenGL using Assimp as my model import library.

What exactly do I need to the with the bones' offsetMatrix variable? What do I need to multiply it by?

Answer 1

Let's take for instance this code, which I used to animate characters in a game I worked. I used Assimp too, to load bone information and I read myself the OGL tutorial already pointed out by Nico.

glm::mat4 getParentTransform()
{
    if (this->parent)
        return parent->nodeTransform;
    else 
        return glm::mat4(1.0f);
}

void updateSkeleton(Bone* bone = NULL)
{ 
    bone->nodeTransform =  bone->getParentTransform() // This retrieve the transformation one level above in the tree
    * bone->transform //bone->transform is the assimp matrix assimp_node->mTransformation
    * bone->localTransform;  //this is your T * R matrix

    bone->finalTransform = inverseGlobal // which is scene->mRootNode->mTransformation from assimp
        * bone->nodeTransform  //defined above
        * bone->boneOffset;  //which is ai_mesh->mBones[i]->mOffsetMatrix


    for (int i = 0; i < bone->children.size(); i++) {
        updateSkeleton (&bone->children[i]);
    }
}

Essentially the GlobalTransform as it is referred in the tutorial Skeletal Animation with Assimp or properly the transform of the root node scene->mRootNode->mTransformation is the transformation from local space to global space. To give you an example, when in a 3D modeler (let's pick Blender for instance) you create your mesh or you load your character, it is usually positioned (by default) at the origin of the Cartesian plane and its rotation is set to the identity quaternion.

However you can translate/rotate your mesh/character from the origin (0,0,0) to somewhere else and have in a single scene even multiple meshes with different positions. When you load them, especially if you do skeletal animation, it is mandatory to translate them back in local space (i.e. back at the origin 0,0,0 ) and this is the reason why you have to multiply everything by the InverseGlobal (which brings back your mesh to local space).

After that you need to multiply it by the node transform which is the multiplication of the parentTransform (the transformation one level up in the tree, this is the overall transform) the transform (formerly the assimp_node->mTransformation which is just the transformation of the bone relative to the node's parent) and your local transformation (any T * R) you want to apply to do: forward kinematic, inverse kinematic or key-frame interpolation.

Eventually there is the boneOffset (ai_mesh->mBones[i]->mOffsetMatrix) that transforms from mesh space to bone space in bind pose as stated in the documentation.

Here there is a link to GitHub if you want to look at the whole code for my Skeleton class.

Hope it helps.